# Ismet SAHIN: Thought and Philosophy

> This website provides a critical exploration of Ismet Şahin's philosophy—“There is no closed whole!”—emphasizing open-ended thought and the investigation of limitless ideas and perspectives.


## Posts

- [Rethinking the Turkish Hearths, Rethinking Turkism](https://ismetsahin.space/rethinking-the-turkish-hearths-rethinking-turkismkculuk/): Rethinking the Turkish Hearths, Rethinking Turkism  A Study of Customary Being, National Identity, and the Geopolitical Unity of the Turkic World  Abstract    This study conceptualizes Turkism not as ethnic closure in a narrow sense, biological essentialism, or romantic cultural nostalgia, but as an ontological, customary, and political principle of being directed toward the preservation of the historical subject. Its central proposition is this: the contemporary global order generates a regime of indeterminization that erodes not only the borders of states, but also nations’ capacity to name themselves, their historical memory, and their status as constitutive subjects. In the case of the Turkish nation, this process appears as the amorphization of the constitutive historical subject under such discourses as “multiculturalism,” “superordinate identity,” and “plurality.” Within this framework, the Turkish Hearths are approached not merely as a historical society, but as a site for the reorganization of customary memory, constitutive reason, and national continuity. The study further argues that while European integration is legitimized as a progressive historical form, the horizon of unity in the Turkic world is often stigmatized as reactionary, and treats this as an ideological double standard. It also examines the effects of contemporary imperial aggression on Eurasia within the context of the hegemonic phases of historical capitalism. In conclusion, it argues that the geopolitical unity of the Turkic peoples is not a romantic ideal, but directly a matter of historical being. The official institutional history of the Turkish Hearths clearly states that the organization was formally founded on 25 March 1912 and that preparations had begun in 1911.
- [Escaping Class: A Philosophical Critique of Marxism by İsmet Şahin – An Advanced Scientific Critique](https://ismetsahin.space/escaping-class-a-philosophical-critique-of-marxism-by-ismet-sahin-an-advanced-scientific-critique/): This article provides an advanced, in-depth scholarly analysis of Escaping Class: A Philosophical Critique of Marxism, authored by İsmet Şahin. The book critically re-evaluates Karl Marx’s ideas, post-Marxist traditions, and the interplay of class, politics, and individual freedom. Şahin contends that mainstream Marxism often overshadows the question of personal liberty, focusing instead on collectivist visions and deferred promises of liberation.
- [Philosophical Epistemologies for Global Education: A Systematic Exploration of Forthcoming Challenges](https://ismetsahin.space/philosophical-epistemologies-for-global-education-a-systematic-exploration-of-forthcoming-challenges/): Philosophical Epistemologies for Global Education  In conclusion, the synthesis of philosophical epistemologies with global education calls for an ongoing commitment to understanding and addressing the complexities of knowledge within our interconnected world. By embracing diverse perspectives and fostering collaborative efforts, we can work toward a more equitable and enriching global educational experience for all learners.
- [Child Escaping from the Class](https://ismetsahin.space/child-escaping-from-the-class/): Child Escaping from the Class presents a deep philosophical critique of Marxist thought, particularly its treatment of individual freedom, dialectical method, and the role of the state. Ismet Şahin challenges traditional Marxist assumptions, questioning whether the collective liberation of the proletariat inherently leads to individual autonomy. By examining Marx’s dialectical materialism, the dependency on state structures, and globalization’s paradoxical impact, Şahin opens new theoretical ground for contemporary revolutionary thought.
- [Anti-Kapitalist Manifesto](https://ismetsahin.space/anti-kapitalist-manifesto-2/): The Anti-Kapitalist Manifesto is not merely a political critique; it is a philosophical exploration of the dialectics of history, the contradictions of capitalism, and the pathway toward revolutionary transformation. Grounded in a Marxist framework, Ismet Şahin dissects the nature of capitalist exploitation, the failures of past socialist movements, and the philosophical underpinnings of revolutionary action. This manifesto is a call to arms, urging readers to critically examine capitalism’s self-destructive tendencies and recognize the historical necessity of its collapse.
- [Quantum Philosophy: There Is No Closed Whole](https://ismetsahin.space/quantum-philosophy-there-is-no-closed-whole/): Quantum Philosophy: There Is No Closed Whole is an exploration of the intersection between quantum mechanics, philosophy,  and the nature of knowledge. The book challenges traditional epistemological frameworks and argues that no closed system can  fully encapsulate the dynamic and evolving nature of reality. This work is a continuation of my philosophical inquiry into  scientific realism, determinism, and open-ended structures in thought and physics.
- [Comprehensive Critique of Quantum Philosophy: There Is No Closed Whole  By İsmet Şahin](https://ismetsahin.space/comprehensive-critique-of-quantum-philosophy/): Comprehensive Critique of Quantum Philosophy by İsmet Şahin  İsmet Şahin’s Quantum Philosophy: There Is No Closed Whole  (Amazon link)  is an ambitious text that traverses multiple domains—physics, history of science, philosophy, and even social theory. It presents a wide-ranging critique of traditional epistemological frameworks in light of modern quantum discoveries, while proposing a provocative thesis:  that no “closed whole” can adequately capture our ever-evolving scientific and philosophical understandings.
- [A PHILOSOPHER'S FICTIONALISED SEARCH FOR PARADISE](https://ismetsahin.space/a-philosophers-fictionalised-search-for-paradise/): A PHILOSOPHER'S FICTIONALISED SEARCH FOR PARADISE  Contrary to A. Yardımlı's claims, that Marxism does not deny everything established and all acquired values. It demonstrates that social development progresses through the conflicts of existing contradictions within it and explains that the future society will be shaped by the progressive segments of the conflicting sides of the past society: "No social formation disappears before it has developed all the productive forces it is capable of containing; new and higher production relations cannot come to take the place of old ones without blossoming within the womb of the old society."    In other words, it explains that all acquisitions beneficial and necessary for humanity will be taken by future society and that the class tasked with saving humanity's future, the proletariat, can only realize its and society's liberation by dismantling all obstacles to the liberation (humanization) of humanity. This framework shows the way to clear the path for the endless development of humanity's productive forces by dismantling all the regressive and anti-progressive forces within it. Marxist principles thus emerge as the principles that will clarify the path and lead humanity toward its future.
- [The Best Treadmill Training for an Ultra-Marathon](https://ismetsahin.space/the-best-treadmill-training-for-an-ultra-marathon/): What's the best treadmill training for an ultra-marathon?  Learn the best treadmill training for an ultra-marathon with expert tips and strategies to enhance your endurance and performance in ultra-race preparation.
- [The Impact of Ultra Running on Long-Term Fitness and Wellness: A Comprehensive Analysis](https://ismetsahin.space/the-impact-of-ultra-running-on-long-term-fitness-and-wellness-a-comprehensive-analysis/): Introduction to Ultra Running Ultra running, often defined as any race that exceeds the traditional marathon distance of 26.2 miles, encompasses a diverse range of events, including 50K, 100K, and even 100-mile races, as well as timed events that challenge endurance over specific durations. The appeal of ultra running has witnessed a significant surge in recent years, as competitors seek to push their personal limits and explore the boundaries of human endurance. While it may seem daunting to many, this extreme form of distance running attracts a dedicated and passionate community. The history of ultra-running dates back to ancient times […]
- [Impact of Terrain and Environmental Conditions on Ultra Running Performance and Injury Risk](https://ismetsahin.space/impact-of-terrain-and-environmental-conditions-on-ultra-running-performance-and-injury-risk/): Impact of Terrain and Environmental Conditions on Ultra Running Performance and Injury Risk. Ultra marathon races test the limits of physical and mental endurance. However, the performance and injury risk of ultra runners can be heavily influenced by the type of terrain and environmental conditions encountered during the event. Whether traversing steep mountain paths, navigating dense forests, or enduring high-altitude deserts, the runner's body reacts differently to these challenges. Environmental factors such as high altitude, heat, and cold can exacerbate the physical stress, alter energy metabolism, and increase injury risk.
- [Innovative Training Approaches for Ultra Trail Runners](https://ismetsahin.space/innovative-training-approaches-for-ultra-trail-runners/): Innovative Training Approaches for Ultra Trail Runners. Ultra trail running is a physically demanding sport that requires a combination of endurance, strength, agility, and mental resilience. Recent advancements in training methodologies have introduced innovative approaches aimed at improving performance while minimizing the risk of overuse injuries. This paper examines current trends in ultra trail running training, including cross-training, strength training, and the incorporation of adaptive training technologies. The purpose of this study is to explore how these methodologies can optimize performance and enhance injury prevention strategies for ultra trail runners.
- [Optimal Nutrition and Hydration Approaches for Ultra-Distance Athletes](https://ismetsahin.space/optimal-nutrition-and-hydration-approaches-for-ultra-distance-athletes/): Optimal Nutrition and Hydration Approaches for Ultra-Distance Athletes. Ultra-distance athletes must implement well-balanced nutrition and hydration strategies to optimize performance, minimize fatigue, and support recovery. A combination of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provides the necessary fuel for prolonged efforts, while hydration and electrolyte strategies help maintain fluid balance and prevent heat-related issues. By adopting a tailored nutrition and hydration plan that addresses individual needs and race conditions, ultra-distance athletes can enhance their chances of success and accelerate recovery.
- [Physiological Challenges and Adaptations in Ultra Trail Running](https://ismetsahin.space/physiological-challenges-and-adaptations-in-ultra-trail-running/): Physiological Challenges and Adaptations in Ultra Trail Running. Ultra trail running poses significant physiological challenges and adaptations in athletes, particularly affecting the cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal systems. Long-term endurance running impacts heart health, joint stress, and muscle adaptation. Training strategies must balance performance optimization with injury prevention to sustain an athlete’s health and capabilities over time.
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- [DIALECTICS](https://ismetsahin.space/dialectics/): Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Hegel on DIALECTICS  The term dialectic in Turkish stems from the root eytişmek, meaning the exchange of questions and answers in a debate. The term we often use, dialectic, is derived from the ancient Greek word dialektike, which refers to discussing, choosing, and gathering—rooted in the Greek verb leg, meaning "to choose" or "to collect." The ancient Greeks referred to a conversation between two people as a dialogue.
- [STATE-DEPENDENT RELATIONS: The State-Dependent Nature of Modern Social Movements](https://ismetsahin.space/state-dependent-relations/): STATE-DEPENDENT RELATIONS: The State-Dependent Nature of Modern Social Movements  Marx, in line with the theoretical conclusions he reached in his studies on political economy, divides social relations into two categories: human-dependent and commodity-dependent relations. Human-dependent relations refer to the relationships that individuals and society are forced to establish for the reproduction of their biological and species existence. This historical moment is driven by the process of human production and the use-value produced by human activity, compelling people to interact with one another.
- [The Marxist Theory of History](https://ismetsahin.space/the-marxist-theory-of-history/): The Marxist Theory of History  The passage presents a Marxist perspective on the development of human knowledge, science, and history. It argues that human existence and the transformation of nature for survival have been central to the evolution of human knowledge, which eventually led to the development of science. Science, as a systematic reorganization of past knowledge, is seen as historically conditioned and constantly evolving with new discoveries. The text critiques the idea of achieving absolute knowledge, emphasizing that all scientific endeavors are limited by the historical and social context of their time.    The passage discusses the dialectical relationship between science and Marxism, noting that Marxism emerged as a product of 19th-century scientific progress. Engels' view of dialectics as a product of scientific development is highlighted, along with the necessity for Marxism to evolve alongside scientific advancements. The critique targets bourgeois distortions in science, asserting that Marxism must be refined through scientific scrutiny to ensure it serves the interests of the working class.    The passage concludes with a reference to Dr. Hikmet Kıvılcımlı's book, The Theory of History, which seeks to address perceived deficiencies in Marx and Engels' historical analysis due to the limitations of their era's scientific understanding. The text presents a critique of Kıvılcımlı's attempt to "complete" Marxist theory by questioning whether he truly advances Marxism in light of contemporary scientific developments.    In conclusion, the passage outlines the ongoing evolution of knowledge, critiques bourgeois distortions in science, and establishes a critique of Kıvılcımlı's interpretation of Marxist historical theory.
- [The Rational Revolution and Hegel](https://ismetsahin.space/the-rational-revolution-and-hegel/): The Rational Revolution and Hegel  Engels says, “The task of examining and developing science in its internal interconnections was first undertaken by Hegel in history," and Marx and Engels always speak of Hegel and his theory as the master's dialectic.    Undoubtedly, their speaking of him as a master shows Hegel's power, which is actually the power of the bourgeoisie's revolutionary power—the power of free rationality, which is now far behind. His era reveals Hegel's power.    But whatever happens, he still stands before us in all his majesty. And today, for us, the main issue is to be able to restore Reason (Mind) to its old throne, to the freedom it had in the time of Hegel and Marx.
- [The Mystery of Philosophy](https://ismetsahin.space/the-mystery-of-philosophy/): The Mystery of Philosophy  Dive into the Philosophy of Science to explore how philosophical concepts shape scientific understanding and methodology.  We refer to the sciences that accept an initial empirical point as empirical sciences. In general, their essential aims and outcomes are laws and general propositions, which are concepts; what they find relates to ideas rather than anything else. Thus, while Newton’s physics was called natural philosophy, Hugo Grotius gathered the historical actions between nations into a collection of general principles, creating a theory known as the Philosophy of International Law. The term "philosophy" in England still carries this general meaning, with Newton retaining his reputation as one of the greatest philosophers. However, the term is reduced to tools like pressure gauges, which don't fall under categories such as magnetic or electric devices, and are called philosophical instruments. Without a doubt, philosophy should be attributed to thought alone, not to the composition of wood or iron. In this sense, the field of political economy, particularly known as rational or theoretical economics in Germany, also began to take the name of philosophy, especially in recent times (Science of Logic, p. 7).
- [Hegel and the Concept of History: A Critical Review](https://ismetsahin.space/hegel-and-the-concept-of-history-a-critical-review/): Hegel and the Concept of History: A Critical Review  In his book The Philosophy of History, originally titled Die Vernunft in der Geschichte (Reason in History), Hegel approaches history from a philosophical perspective. In order to understand this perspective, it is first necessary to have some familiarity with the general outlines of Hegel's philosophical system. Therefore, this paper will begin by providing a brief summary of Hegel's system.
- [İsmet Şahin’s Philosophy: Challenging Classical Physics and Social Theory](https://ismetsahin.space/challenging-classical-physics-and-social-theory/): İsmet Şahin’s Philosophy:  Challenging Classical Physics and Social Theory    İsmet Şahin presents a groundbreaking exploration of the intersection between quantum mechanics, philosophy, and social theory. This work challenges traditional metaphysical and scientific frameworks, arguing for the necessity to move beyond deterministic and closed-system models. Şahin’s insights are particularly timely in light of contemporary advancements in quantum theory, which call into question long-held beliefs in classical physics.
- [Philosophical Critique of Sınıftan Kaçan Çocuk](https://ismetsahin.space/siniftan-kacan-cocuk/): By incorporating Şahin’s own words into this philosophical critique, we can see how Sınıftan Kaçan Çocuk challenges some of the core tenets of Marxist theory, particularly in its treatment of individual freedom, its use of dialectical method, and its understanding of the state and globalization. While his critique offers valuable insights into the limitations of Marxism, it also raises important questions about the possibility of reconciling individual autonomy with collective liberation, and whether the state and globalization can ever truly serve as vehicles for emancipation.
- [Anti Kapitalist Manifesto](https://ismetsahin.space/anti-kapitalist-manifesto/): Anti Kapitalist Manifesto by Ismet Şahin The Anti-Kapitalist Manifesto by Ismet Şahin is not merely a political critique; it is a philosophical exploration of the dialectics of human history, the contradictions of capitalism, and the pathway towards revolutionary transformation. Grounded in a Marxist framework, Şahin’s manifesto interrogates the nature of capitalist exploitation, the failures of past socialist movements, and the philosophical underpinnings that shape revolutionary thought. Continuity of Tradition in Marxist Thought In Gelenek Sürüyor (The Tradition Continues), Şahin begins by situating capitalism within the broader historical continuum of exploitation. He emphasizes that capitalism, far from being an aberration, is […]
- [Running Beyond Limits: The Philosophical Depth of Ismet Şahin’s Ultra-Marathon Journey](https://ismetsahin.space/running-beyond-limits-the-philosophical-depth-of-ismet-sahins-ultra-marathon-journey/): Ismet Şahin’s athletic journey began at the young age of 11, when he enrolled in the 100. Yıl Sports School in Ankara in 1981. From this early introduction to sports, his passion for running grew into a lifelong commitment, particularly excelling in both marathon and ultra-marathon disciplines. Over the years, his extensive experience has been marked by participation in numerous races across Turkey and internationally, showcasing not only his physical endurance but also his mental fortitude. For the past 13 years, Şahin has concentrated on ultra-marathons, pushing the boundaries of human endurance in races that exceed the traditional marathon distance […]
- [A Critique of Sınıftan Kaçan Çocuk](https://ismetsahin.space/a-critique-of-siniftan-kacan-cocuk/): A Critique of Ismet Şahin's Book: SINIFTAN KAÇAN ÇOCUK  Ismet Şahin’s book serves as a crucial intervention in the discourse surrounding Marxism and individual freedom. By questioning the foundational assumptions of Marxist thought, he opens up a rich philosophical dialogue about the nature of freedom, power, and history. His insights challenge us to rethink the interplay between individual agency and societal structures, ultimately fostering a more nuanced understanding of what it means to be truly free in a complex world. This work encourages philosophers, sociologists, and political theorists alike to reconsider the parameters of liberation and the conditions under which it can be realized.
- [On the Influence of Aristotle on Marx](https://ismetsahin.space/on-the-influence-of-aristotle-on-marx/): To the uninitiated, the connection between Marx’s theoretical framework and the ideas of a philosopher from the democratic era of Ancient Greece may appear incongruous. Marx was influenced not only by Aristotle but also by the entire corpus of philosophers from Ancient Greece. He frequently drew upon the works of Heraclitus, Democritus, Epicurus, Plato, and other philosophers as sources for his books.  The present study will focus on the relationship between Marx and Aristotle. The impact of Aristotle on Marx is evident. The prevailing view among contemporary scholars is that the influence of Aristotle on Marx was primarily mediated through […]
- [Ismet Sahin: Thought and Philosophy](https://ismetsahin.space/ismet-sahin-thought-and-philosophy/): Ismet Sahin: Thought and Philosophy  Explore the radical philosophy of Ismet Şahin, a thinker, author, publisher, and activist. Influenced by Aristotle, Hegel, and Marx, Şahin critiques traditional ideologies, advocating for open-ended systems in politics, society, and knowledge. His journey from Marxist theory to a more critical perspective on societal transformation reflects his evolving vision for social justice and philosophical evolution. Learn more about his thought and philosophical contributions.

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- [QUANTUM FİLOZOFİ - KAPALI TÜM YOKTUR (Türkçe)](https://ismetsahin.space/product/quantum-filozofi-kapali-tum-yoktur-turkce/): Bu çalışma kitap olmayan bir kitaptır. Okur klasik kitaplarda alıştığı tamamlanmış metinler, çözümlenmiş bilimsel ve felsefi problemler beklemesin bu çalışmada. Sunduğum şey üzerinde çalıştığım konular ve o konularla ilgili geliştirdiğim düşünceler, aforizmalar yer yer dağınık önermelerdir. Bu iki nedenden dolayı böyledir: Birincisi bilgi kuramsal açıdan tamamlanmış önermeler dizgesinin yanlış olmasıdır. Quantum çağında her gün yeni bir keşif yaptığımız nesneler ile ilgili büyük anlatılar ve tamamlanmış, sistematik görüşler geliştirilemez.
- [ANTİ KAPİTALİST MANİFESTO (Türkçe)](https://ismetsahin.space/product/anti-kapitalist-manifesto-turkce/): The Anti-Kapitalist Manifesto by Ismet Şahin is not merely a political critique; it is a philosophical exploration of the dialectics of human history, the contradictions of capitalism, and the pathway towards revolutionary transformation. Grounded in a Marxist framework, Şahin’s manifesto interrogates the nature of capitalist exploitation, the failures of past socialist movements, and the philosophical underpinnings that shape revolutionary thought.
- [SINIFTAN KAÇAN ÇOCUK (Türkçe)](https://ismetsahin.space/product/siniftan-kacan-cocuk/): In Sınıftan Kaçan Çocuk, Şahin criticizes Marxism for subsuming the individual under the collective entity of the class, thereby neglecting individual autonomy. He argues that Marxist theory views freedom not as something inherent to the present, but as something deferred to a distant future—only attainable in the ideal socialist society once class antagonisms have been abolished.
- [Quantum Philosophy - There Is No Closed Whole](https://ismetsahin.space/product/quantum-philosophy-there-is-no-closed-whole/): Quantum Philosophy - There Is No Closed Whole    İsmet Şahin presents a groundbreaking exploration of the intersection between quantum mechanics, philosophy, and social theory. This work challenges traditional metaphysical and scientific frameworks, arguing the necessity to move beyond deterministic and closed-system models. Şahin’s insights are particularly timely in light of contemporary advancements in quantum theory, which call into question long-held beliefs in classical physics.

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